WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Before know about climatology it’s necessary to know about weather and climate and differentiate between them, because they play vital role in climatology.
Weather and climate are dynamic features of our physical environment. They affect a wide range of human activities to a greater or lesser degree.
In climatology, Weather refers to the state of atmosphere at any given time denoting the short term variations of atmosphere in term of temperature, pressure, wind, moisture, precipitation and visibility. weather is highly variable. It is constantly changing, sometimes from hour to hour and at other times from day to day.
Climate, on the other hand, is the sum total of the variety of weather conditions of an area or a place. Thus, climate may be defines simply as average weather. The term climate denotes a description of aggregate weather condition.
The World Meteorological Organization has suggested a standard period of 31 years for calculating the climatic average of different weather elements.
According to G.F. Taylor “climate is the integration of weather, and weather is the differentiation of climate. The distinction between weather and climate is, therefore, mainly one of time”
CLIMATOLOGY:- DEFINITION, NATURE AND SCOPE
Climatology is a branch of science that describe and explain the nature of climate how its differ from place to place. The term climatology originated from the two Greek words , ‘Klima’ + ‘Logos’; Klima means the slope of the Earth whereas Logos refers to a discourse or study.
According to Austin Miller; Climatology is a branch of science which discusses the average condition of the weather.
According to Thornthwaite; broads the scope of climatology , when he suggest that the study of the atmosphere as well as that of the earth’s surface from the core of this discipline. This is so because each and every characteristics of climate is determined by the exchange of heat, moisture, and momentum between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere.
NATURE OF CLIMATOLOGY
Climatology tries to study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change. Sometimes it play role as a Climatology and sometimes as a metrology because we study under this about both weather and Climate. Moreover there are some of the point, that’s we study in Climatology :
- Identification, demarcation, and distribution of different types of climates.
- Mode of origin of different types of climates.
- Causes and processes responsible for climatic variation both horizontally and vertically.
- Different elements of Weather and climate.
- Interaction of Weather and climate with human society.
- Impact of climate on human health and activities including physiological and psychological aspect.
SCOPE OF CLIMATOLOGY
Generally the scope means subject matter of a discipline. So the subject matters of climatology comprises three basic sub-division of the related to science of climatology-
1.PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY: This branch of climatology specially to explain the factors responsible for bringing about the temporal ad spatial variation in heat exchange, moisture exchange and air movement. These several observation are climatic elements as Insolation , duration of sunshine, temperature, air pressure, precipitation, winds, cloudiness and fog etc.
Physical climatology is closely related to meteorology which includes not only the physics chemistry and dynamics of atmosphere but also many of its direct effect upon the earth’s surface, the ocean.
2. REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY: Regional climatology describe the various types of climates. A deals with spatial distribution, regional climatology is the concept of a scale in a regional as well as spatial pattern.
On the basis of the size and the extent of the climatic region, the world is divided into three major regions;
Macro-climatic region is the largest climatic region in which we study the basic factor of climate such as distribution of continents and oceans. Similarly the meso and micro climate are largely controls by local factors. The meso and micro climates of small areas also required differentiation and explanation as a result of micro-climatology, as a branch of also consider sometimes physical climatology where local climate are closely related to surface condition.
3. APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY: In applied climatology we studies the applications of the climatological knowledge to specific practical problems. It analyses the relationship of climatology to other science.In applied climatology the ,main purpose to find out ways and means to make use of our knowledge of climatic elements for the betterment of human life on the earth.
The available climatological data have a great many applications. Because of the rapidly growing literature of climatology and the experience of persons working in the field of climatology. There has emerged many specialized branch in the field of applied climatology. There are bioclimatology, agro-climatology related to agriculture, medical climatology related to medical, urban climatology are the most important example of the various branches of climatology.
In Short, the term climatology is correctly applied to the study of the following five growing fields-
1. Climatological record
2. Theory of climatology or climate
3. Energy and moisture balance of the earth.
4. Study of climate as the environment of living organism.
5. Study of climate as the direct environment of man.
Before know about climatology it’s necessary to know about weather and climate and differentiate between them, because they play vital role in climatology.
Weather and climate are dynamic features of our physical environment. They affect a wide range of human activities to a greater or lesser degree.
In climatology, Weather refers to the state of atmosphere at any given time denoting the short term variations of atmosphere in term of temperature, pressure, wind, moisture, precipitation and visibility. weather is highly variable. It is constantly changing, sometimes from hour to hour and at other times from day to day.
Climate, on the other hand, is the sum total of the variety of weather conditions of an area or a place. Thus, climate may be defines simply as average weather. The term climate denotes a description of aggregate weather condition.
The World Meteorological Organization has suggested a standard period of 31 years for calculating the climatic average of different weather elements.
According to G.F. Taylor “climate is the integration of weather, and weather is the differentiation of climate. The distinction between weather and climate is, therefore, mainly one of time”
CLIMATOLOGY:- DEFINITION, NATURE AND SCOPE
Climatology is a branch of science that describe and explain the nature of climate how its differ from place to place. The term climatology originated from the two Greek words , ‘Klima’ + ‘Logos’; Klima means the slope of the Earth whereas Logos refers to a discourse or study.
According to Austin Miller; Climatology is a branch of science which discusses the average condition of the weather.
According to Thornthwaite; broads the scope of climatology , when he suggest that the study of the atmosphere as well as that of the earth’s surface from the core of this discipline. This is so because each and every characteristics of climate is determined by the exchange of heat, moisture, and momentum between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere.
NATURE OF CLIMATOLOGY
Climatology tries to study both the nature of climates – local, regional or global – and the natural or human-induced factors that cause climates to change. Climatology considers the past and can help predict future climate change. Sometimes it play role as a Climatology and sometimes as a metrology because we study under this about both weather and Climate. Moreover there are some of the point, that’s we study in Climatology :
- Identification, demarcation, and distribution of different types of climates.
- Mode of origin of different types of climates.
- Causes and processes responsible for climatic variation both horizontally and vertically.
- Different elements of Weather and climate.
- Interaction of Weather and climate with human society.
- Impact of climate on human health and activities including physiological and psychological aspect.
SCOPE OF CLIMATOLOGY
Generally the scope means subject matter of a discipline. So the subject matters of climatology comprises three basic sub-division of the related to science of climatology-
Physical climatology is closely related to meteorology which includes not only the physics chemistry and dynamics of atmosphere but also many of its direct effect upon the earth’s surface, the ocean.
2. REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY: Regional climatology describe the various types of climates. A deals with spatial distribution, regional climatology is the concept of a scale in a regional as well as spatial pattern.
On the basis of the size and the extent of the climatic region, the world is divided into three major regions;
- Macro-Climatic Region
- Meso-Climatic Region
- Micro-Climatic Region
Macro-climatic region is the largest climatic region in which we study the basic factor of climate such as distribution of continents and oceans. Similarly the meso and micro climate are largely controls by local factors. The meso and micro climates of small areas also required differentiation and explanation as a result of micro-climatology, as a branch of also consider sometimes physical climatology where local climate are closely related to surface condition.
3. APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY: In applied climatology we studies the applications of the climatological knowledge to specific practical problems. It analyses the relationship of climatology to other science.In applied climatology the ,main purpose to find out ways and means to make use of our knowledge of climatic elements for the betterment of human life on the earth.
The available climatological data have a great many applications. Because of the rapidly growing literature of climatology and the experience of persons working in the field of climatology. There has emerged many specialized branch in the field of applied climatology. There are bioclimatology, agro-climatology related to agriculture, medical climatology related to medical, urban climatology are the most important example of the various branches of climatology.
In Short, the term climatology is correctly applied to the study of the following five growing fields-
1. Climatological record
2. Theory of climatology or climate
3. Energy and moisture balance of the earth.
4. Study of climate as the environment of living organism.
5. Study of climate as the direct environment of man.
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